Keeping a satellite in orbit around the Earth might seem almost magical, but it’s based on fundamental physics principles, including gravity, velocity, and inertia. Satellites stay in orbit when gravity pulls satellites toward the Earth or the planet around which they orbit. This constant pull tries to make them fall back down.
Inertia is the forward motion of the satellite. When launched, satellites are given a specific velocity in a direction that’s perpendicular to Earth’s gravity. This motion would naturally carry them in a straight line if no other forces acted on them. When the forward velocity of a satellite is just right, it results in a curved path around Earth. Essentially, the satellite is falling towards Earth because of gravity, but it’s moving forward fast enough that Earth curves away beneath it, creating a continuous orbit.
This balance keeps satellites in a stable orbit without needing additional propulsion, although occasional adjustments are made for satellite positioning and maintaining altitude in low-Earth orbits.
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